Abstract Dendrobium nobile is a traditional Chinese medicine and functional food in China, with anti-aging, immunity-enhancing, glucose-lowering and lipid-lowering health functions. In recent years, the research value of D. nobile has attracted the attention of more and more experts and scholars. Today, phytochemical investigation of the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl., led to the isolation of five sesquiterpene glycosides, including dendromoniliside D (1), dendronobiloside A (2), dendronobiloside C (3), dendronobiloside D (4), dendroside G (5) and their α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory activities were also investigated. Among them, dendromoniliside D (1), dendroside G (5) were first isolated from D. nobile. And dendronobiloside A (2) and dendronobiloside C (3) exhibited better inhibitory activity against α-glycosidases, respectively. In the case of α-amylase inhibition, dendroside G (5) has a relatively good effect. These results suggest that sesquiterpene glycosides of D. nobile have potential hypoglycemic activity and deserve further research and development.

Abstract Dendrobium officinale is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and nourishing food in China. The active constituents in D. officinale include a variety of chemical components such as polysaccharides, bibenzyl, phenanthrenes, and flavonoids etc. Among them, polysaccharide was selected as the quality control marker for D. officinale in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The previous studies found that the content of polysaccharide constituents in D. officinale from different growing origins had significant differences. To the best of our knowledge, whether the secondary metabolites other than polysaccharides are similarly different in D. officinale from different origins has not been reported. In the present continuing study, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS coupled with multivariate analysis were employed for comparative analysis of the secondary metabolites of D. officinale from different growing origins. At last, 12 differential secondary metabolites of D. officinale from different origins were identified. Network pharmacological analysis results indicated that these differential secondary metabolites of D. officinale from different origins are mainly involved in neuropsychiatric related disorder diseases. This investigation will provide a valuable information for doctors and consumers in clinical practice.

Abstract OATP1A4 is an important member of the family of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), which is generally thought to mediate cellular uptake of endogenous and exogenous substances, such as bile acids, drugs and environmental toxins. Recent studies have found that Oatp1a4 plays an important role in drug passage through the blood-brain barrier and is expected to be an important target for drugs used to treat central diseases. Oatp1a4 has also been associated with various diseases such as cholestasis. differences in Oatp1a4 across age and sex have also become an area of concern for precision drug administration. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review of Oatp1a4 expression in drug transport and various physiopathological states.

Abstract Yanlishuang Pills is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat pharyngitis widely. In this study, we used gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a method for the fingerprint and quantitative analysis of the four major components of Yanlishuang Pills, which can provide a more reliable method for its quality control. We used the software “Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine”, version A, 2004, to obtain fingerprint using the averaging method with a time width of 0.1. The peak with the largest peak area was used as the reference peak to determine the shared peaks and generate the common pattern. Then the main components of the Yanlishuang Pills were identified and their contents were determined in GC-MS SIM mode using internal standard method.The fingerprint established by GC-MS were reproducible, and a total of 18 common peaks were identified in the fingerprint of 13 batches of samples, and the similarity of the fingerprint of each batch of samples was above 0.99. The concentrations of camphor, menthone, borneol and menthol of the four main ingredients of the Yanlishuang Pills were linearly well within the range of 25.13-150.78 μg/mL (r = 0.9995), 28.77-172.62 μg/mL (r = 0.9991), 299.70-1798.20 μg/mL (r = 0.9997), 121.98-731.88 μg/mL (r = 0.9997), and the average recoveries were 102.02% (RSD of 1.3%), 96.10% (RSD of 1.0%), 102.71% (RSD of 1.3%), 102.58% (RSD of 1.1%), respectively, with good precision, reproducibility, and stability within 16 h. The camphor content of the 13 batches of samples was 5.6025-8.3662 mg/g, menthone content was 4.7871-5.8936 mg/g, borneol content was 88.0034-133.0969 mg/g and menthol was 40.2017-61.9466 mg/g. The fingerprints of the Yanlishuang Pills established by GC-MS were characterized by a common pattern, and the simultaneous determination of camphor, menthone, borneol and menthol in the Yanlishuang Pills was rapid, simple and accurate. In conclusion, the determination of the content of multiple ingredients combined with fingerprinting can provide a more comprehensive control of the quality of Yanlishuang Pills.

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered to be the most common liver disease worldwide, caused by fat deposition in hepatocytes. High-fat diet is considered to be a major lifestyle factor predisposing to NAFLD. However, the effect of different cycles of high-fat diets on changes in NAFLD-related gene and protein expression is unclear. In this study, NAFLD mouse models were established by feeding C57BL/6 male mice a high-fat diet for 16 and 38 weeks. The transcriptome and proteome of mouse liver were profiled by RNA sequencing and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. The results show that accumulation of liver lipids was observed at 38 weeks of treatment on a high-fat diet. At the same time, the expression profiles of 1329 genes and 802 proteins involved in NAFLD were changed, with a total of 234 genes and 37 proteins significantly changing by more than twice. These differentially expressed genes and proteins were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism and organic acid biosynthesis. 18 genes and their corresponding protein overlaps were identified using Venn diagrams, and most of them were regulated by high-fat diet in an aging-dependent manner. All in all, our study is valuable for understanding the high-fat diet on the developmental process of NAFLD.

Abstract: Blumea balsamifera is a very famous medicinal plant and functional tea in many countries of Asia. Ainaxiang tablets are a preparation consisting of flavonoids from B. balsamifera. Today, a high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 15 flavonoids in Ainaxiang Tablets. The analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a binary gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.2% aqueous acetic acid. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, stability, precision and accuracy. It was found that this method had linearity with R2 at 0.9992- 0.9999 in the test range of 0.15-276.40 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 15 tested reference compounds were 0.01-0.28µg/mL and 0.02 - 0.55µg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for intra-day and inter-day repeatability were not more than 3.18%. The analyzed samples were stable for at least 18 h. The spike recoveries for 15 analyzed samples were 106.17 - 95.02%. The results suggested that this newly developed HPLC method could be used for quantitative analysis of flavonoids in Ainaxiang Tablets and its raw materials.

Abstract Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which are usually hydrolyzed into triterpene sapogenins in organisms to play a pharmacological role. Gypensapogenin D is a triterpene sapogenins with the highest content in the hydrolysate of gypenoside. In addition, it was found that Gypensapogenin D had a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. In view of the poor solubility of Gypensapogenin D, which affects its bioavailability, Gypensapogenin D was prepared as a liposomal formulation in this paper, which provides valuable data for the later in-depth study and drug development and utilization of this compound. worldwide role gypenoside addition αglucosidase. αglucosidase α glucosidase. glucosidase α-glucosidase bioavailability paper indepth depth compound

Abstract Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese medicine and nourishing food in China. Polysaccharide content was used as a criterion for evaluating the quality of D. officinale. At present, epiphytic cultivation is the main cultivation method of D. officinale in China. In the present study, D. officinale was collected under various growing conditions to compare its polysaccharide content in an attempt to discover the most favorable growing conditions for D. officinale, which can be used to guide the artificial cultivation production of D. officinale. China D study

Abstract Dendrobium nobile is a traditional Chinese medicine and nourishing food in China. Alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides are the two main active ingredients in D. nobile. The previous reports showed that alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides have the same upstream biosynthetic pathway, starting from sesquiterpene components, part of which is converted to sesquiterpene glycosides by the action of UDP-glycosyltransferase, and part of which is further synthesized to alkaloids. Therefore, sesquiterpene UDP-glycosyltransferases play an important role in the biosynthesis of alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides in D. nobile. In this study, the key glycosyltransferase genes in sesquiterpene glycosylation in D. nobile were explored, predicted and validated by transcriptome technology. China D pathway components UDPglycosyltransferase, UDPglycosyltransferase UDP glycosyltransferase, UDP-glycosyltransferase Therefore UDPglycosyltransferases glycosyltransferases study explored technology

Abstract In herbal markets, an overwhelming majority the Dendrobium nobile are sold in dried strips form, and this product type would lead to the incomplete release of the active ingredient. To increase the bioaccessibility of Dendrobium nobile, we obtained powders of different particle sizes by shear-breaking and superfine-grinding to further compare its sensory properties, physical properties, the leaching rate of active ingredients and antioxidant activity in vitro. The results showed that the superfine-grinding changed the sensory properties and physical properties of Dendrobium nobile, with an increase in bulk density, a decrease in swelling capacity and water-holding capacity and an increase in water solubility index. The method also contributed to the release of total polysaccharides, dendrobine, total polyphenols and total flavonoids components, thereby increasing ABTS, DPPH and nitrite ion scavenging activity. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that superfine-grinding had no effect on the primary structure of the fractions as with decreasing particle size. This study suggested that superfine-grinding could be a promising method for producing Dendrobium nobile powders with higher contents of bioactive compounds and bioactivity. markets form ingredient shearbreaking shear breaking superfinegrinding superfine grinding vitro density waterholding holding index polysaccharides dendrobine components ABTS addition size bioactivity

Abstract Blumea balsamifera (Sembung) is a very famous ethnic medicinal herbs and functional tea in many countries of Asia. Phytochemical investigations showed that B. balsamifera contains various type chemical components, including volatile oil, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, etc. B. balsamifera has many pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, antibiosis, antitumor, liver protection, anti-inflammation, analgesia, and wound healing. This paper reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of B. balsamifera for the further research, development, and utilization of B. balsamifera. Sembung (Sembung Asia B components oil flavonoids terpenoids phenylpropanoids polysaccharides etc antioxidation antibiosis antitumor protection antiinflammation, antiinflammation anti inflammation, inflammation anti-inflammation analgesia healing research development

Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of regulating insulin sensitivity via the insulin receptor substrate-1 of Zingiber striolatum bud extract in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. The C57BL mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10), including normal control group, model group, metformin group, ZS-l (ZS low dose) group, and ZS-h (ZS high dose) group. The body weight and blood glucose were determined weekly. The oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin and biochemical parameters, pancreas histopathology, and the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 were assayed at the end of experimental point. The results showed that Z. striolatum bud extract can significantly decrease the fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in C57BL mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated Z. striolatum bud extract could regulate the insulin sensitivity by upregulating the express of phospho-insulin receptor substrate-1. In conclusion, Z. striolatum bud extract could prevent the progression of diabetes and pancreatic fibrosis in C57BL mice.

Abstract OATP1A1 is the first and founding member of the Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) family. OATP1A1 is usually considered to mediate the cellular uptake of endogenous and xenobiotics, such as bile acids, drugs and environmental toxins. However, some new research indicated that the decrease of Oatp1a1 expression can result in the cholestasis, which was confirmed by clinic case of drug-induced cholestatic liver injury and bile duct ligation surgery or Oatp1a1-null mice models. These results suggested that Oatp1a1 does not simply transport bile acids to hepatocytes, as is commonly believed. In this overview, we summarized the advances of OATP1A1 in drug induced toxicity, cholestasis and other pathological states as well as the differences of Oatp1a1 in different gender and age.

Abstract Illegally manufactured and counterfeit herbal medicines are growing a worldwide issue. And internet sales have simplified the distribution and payment of these counterfeit medicines. In 2019, a paper in The Lancet revealed the tip of the iceberg of counterfeit Chinese herbal medicines in Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province, China. After 2 years, some so-called Chinese herbal poultices are still being manufactured in these districts. Here we report on a so-called herbal kids creams, which was advertised for treatment of childhood eczema. By means of NMR and HPLC-PDA, we found overdosed antimicrobial agents in the creams, including Terbinafine hydrochloride, Methylparaben, Propylparaben. Hence, compared to glucocorticoids, which are of high concern, the illegal addition of non-hormonal drugs in products for children requires particular attention.

Abstract Rosa roxbughii Tratt (RRT) is a welcome medicinal and edible fruit with unique functions and nutrients in China. In the past decades, extensive research including chemical constituents and bioactivities of RRT were reported. A total of small 78 small molecules, such as flavonoids, organic acid, triterpenes, etc. and 11 polysaccharides have been isolated from RRT. Its antioxidant, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects were also discovered. This paper reviews the progress of those information for the R&D of RRT in the future.